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The bulk photovoltaic effect (BPE) has drawn considerable attention due to its ability to generate photovoltages above the bandgap and reports of highly enhanced photovoltaic current when using nanoscale absorbers or nanoscale electrodes, which, however, do not lend themselves to practical, scalable implementation. Herein, it is shown that a strikingly high BPE photoresponse can be achieved in an ordinary thin‐film configuration merely by tuning fundamental ferroelectric properties. Nonmonotonic dependence of the responsivity (RSC) on the ferroelectric polarization is observed and at the optimal value of the film polarization, a more than three orders of magnitude increase in theRSCfrom the bulk BaTiO3value is obtained, reachingRSCclose to 10−2 A W−1, the highest value reported to date for the archetypical ferroelectric BaTiO3films. Results challenge the applicability of standard first‐principles‐based descriptions of BPE to thin films and the inherent weakness of BPE in ferroelectric thin films.more » « less
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Pan, Hao; Wu, Liyan; Carroll, John; Zhu, Menglin; Tian, Zishen; Chen, Dongfang; Zhang, Hongrui; Chen, Xianzhe; Huang, Xiaoxi; Baraban, Irina; et al (, Advanced Materials)Abstract Highly responsive, voltage‐tunable dielectrics are essential for microwave‐telecommunication electronics. Ferroelectric/relaxor materials have been leading candidates for such functionality and have exhibited agile dielectric responses. Here, it is demonstrated that relaxor materials developed from antiferroelectrics can achieve both ultrahigh dielectric response and tunability. The system, based on alloying the archetypal antiferroelectric PbZrO3with the dielectric BaZrO3, exhibits a more complex phase evolution than that in traditional relaxors and is characterized by an unconventional multi‐phase competition between antiferroelectric, ferroelectric, and paraelectric order. This interplay of phases can greatly enhance the local heterogeneities and results in relaxor characteristics while preserving considerable polarizability. Upon studying Pb1‐xBaxZrO3forx= 0‐0.45, Pb0.65Ba0.35ZrO3is found to provide for exceptional dielectric tunability under low bias fields (≈81% at 200 kV cm−1and ≈91% at 500 kV cm−1) at 10 kHz, outcompeting most traditional relaxor ferroelectric films. This high tunability is sustained in the radio‐frequency range, resulting in a high commutation quality factor (>2000 at 1 GHz). This work highlights the phase evolution from antiferroelectrics (with lower, “positive” dielectric tunability) to relaxors (with higher, “negative” tunability), underscoring a promising approach to develop relaxors with enhanced functional capabilities and new possibilities.more » « less
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